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https://www.bocsci.com/mtor-signaling-pathway.html
Overview of the mTOR pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has drawn much attention because of its essential role in cell growth control and its involvement in human tumorigenesis. The prevailing view is that mTOR regulates many fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth and survival, by integrating both intracellular and extracellular signals, including growth factors, nutrients, energy levels, and cellular stress. Because mTOR deregulation occurs in human disease, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration, there are significant ongoing efforts to pharmacologically target the pathway (Figure 1).

The mammalian TOR, mTOR, is an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase, belonging to the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and interacts with several proteins to form two distinct complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). The mTORC1 and mTORC2 differ in their components, regulation, functions, and sensitivity to the compound rapamycin. The two mTOR complexes are evolutionally well conserved from yeast to humans. mTORC1, which is acutely and directly inhibited by the allosteric inhibitor rapamycin, contains mTOR, regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (mLST8; also known as GβL), Akt/PKB substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40), and DEP domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor). While active, mTORC1 plays a key role in cell growth by promoting protein synthesis, ribosomal biogenesis, lipid and nucleotide synthesis, and by inhibiting autophagy. In contrast with mTORC1, mTORC2 consists of mTOR, Raptor-independent companion of mTOR (Rictor), mSin1 (MAPKAP1), Protor (PRR5), mLST8, and Deptor, and controls actin polymerization and the activation of kinases such as Akt, SGK, and PKCα by phosphorylating their hydrophobic motif.

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Research Areas Related Targets Featured Products
Cancer mTOR Rapamycin
Infection Ras GSK1059615
Alzheimer's disease Raf CZ415
Neurological Disease PI3K GDC-0084
Cancer Immunotherapy Akt CC-223
Inflammation/Immunology ERK Sorafenib
Cardiovascular and blood system MEK Encorafenib
Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease AMPK Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)